Aaron Copland is probably one of the greatest composers of the twentieth century, and is definitely the creator of the "American symphony". A gifted composer, he studied composition and harmony with Nadia Boulanger in Paris. Inspired by the great symphonies of the European masters, Copland wrote two symphonies in a classical style. After coming back to the United States, he started composing and incorporated elements of American folk music in his works, creating a genre between the classical symphony and the different influences of American music: spirituals, folk songs, hymns, and Native American melodies. The American symphony was born. Thus, Copland created masterpieces of the orchestral repertoire that are truly American in nature.
His third symphony is one of his most famous works, due to the inclusion of the "Fanfare for the Common Man" in the fourth movement. Originally written as a separate work, the fanfare was conceived to pay tribute to the American soldiers as they were fighting the evil Nazi empire in Europe. The success of this work influenced the composer to reuse the material in his symphony. Although this movement is truly heroic in nature, the climax in the symphony is very varied. The first movement (molto moderato) is a quiet and peaceful one, starting with the strings. The second movement (allegro molto) is a dynamic piece that is close to a scherzo, with a trio. The third movement (andantino quasi allegretto) is a joyful, free-flowing piece conceived with the flute as the center of the piece. The forces of the orchestra are reduced to only the strings and a section of woodwind instruments. It leads without interruption to the fourth movement (Molto deliberato - Allegro risoluto) which comprises the fanfare. After its majestic opening, new thematic elements are introduced in the second part of the movement, before the fanfare comes back with the whole orchestra for the grand finale.
The recording concludes with "Quiet City", a 10-minute work for trumpet, English horn, and orchestra. As its title suggest, Copland tries to represent the setting of a quiet city at night. He may or may not have been inspired by the night in New York City, although this is the first impression I had while listening to this piece for the first time, picturing myself looking at the Empire State Building at night. No doubt that the New York Philharmonic feels so much at home while they perform this music!
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