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Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy : Lessons from Medieval trade (Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions)
 
 
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Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy : Lessons from Medieval trade (Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions) (ペーパーバック)

by Avner Greif (著) "On March 28, 1210, Rubeus de Campo of Genoa agreed to pay a debt of 100 marks sterling in London on behalf of Vivianus Jordanus..." (more)
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内容説明

It is widely believed that current disparities in economic, political, and social outcomes reflect distinct institutions. Institutions are invoked to explain why some countries are rich and others poor, some democratic and others dictatorial. But arguments of this sort gloss over the question of what institutions are, how they come about, and why they persist. They also fail to explain why institutions are influenced by the past, why it is that they can sometimes change, why they differ so much from society to society, and why it is hard to study them empirically and devise a policy aimed at altering them. This book seeks to overcome these problems, which have exercised economists, sociologists, political scientists, and a host of other researchers who use the social sciences to study history, law, and business administration. It presents a multi-disciplinary perspective to study endogenous institutions and their dynamics.

Product Details

  • ペーパーバック: 526 pages
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press (2006/2/6)
  • Language: 英語, 英語, 英語
  • ISBN-10: 0521671345
  • ISBN-13: 978-0521671347
  • Release Date: 2006/2/6
  • Product Dimensions: 9 x 6 x 1.1 inches
  • Average Customer Review: 5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (1 customer review)
  • Amazon.co.jp Sales Rank: #26,287 in 洋書 (See Bestsellers in 洋書)

    Category Ranking:

    #95 in  洋書 > Business & Investing > Economics > Economic Conditions
    #130 in  洋書 > Business & Investing > Reference
    #582 in  洋書 > Professional & Technical > Accounting & Finance > Economics

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On March 28, 1210, Rubeus de Campo of Genoa agreed to pay a debt of 100 marks sterling in London on behalf of Vivianus Jordanus from Lucca.1 Read the first page
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7 of 7 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars これから学ぶ人にも、もうかなり学んでいる人にも。, 2008/2/15
著者はスタンフォード大学が誇る比較歴史制度分析陣の一人であり、この本は彼のこれまでの仕事の集大成となっている。

この本を読むとよい層としては、
・科学的な分析の好きな歴史家
・ゲーム論の使いやすさを拡張したい理論家
・比較歴史制度分析をしてみたい人
・定常な状態がどうやって建てられるか見たい開発系の人
が挙げられよう。逆に言えば、比較制度分析とはこれらの総合でようやくできるような名人芸の域であるのかもしれない。

まず一章では制度にまつわる論争を紹介する。人間は暮らしている環境から影響を受けるが、この制度に関しての見方は大まかに二つに分かれる。
一つはCoaseやWilliamsonに代表されるような、「ルールとしての制度」というものだ。これは政治家が好むルールや取引費用を最小化する契約方式を分析する際には役に立つ見方とされる。でもそれに各個人が従うインセンティブを持つかは怪しいし、制度の変化を分析できないという欠点を持っている。
もう一つはAokiやHart&Holmstromに代表されるような、個人に焦点を当てるゲーム理論的な見方だ。ただこれも動学的な分析には適していない。

二章でGreifはこういった色々な見方を総合し、人々にとっては"exogenously"に影響を与えるけどその内部の人にとっては "self-enforcing"だとし、"historical"であって新しい技術の出現とは常に緊張を持つという"fundamental asymmetry"があるとする。

三章ではマグリビ商人たちが組合を作ったことが交易の拡張にとって重要であることを示し、四章ではギルドが権利を守ったことが重要であったことを示している。

五章ではこれらの分析の限界についても触れている。

六章では、self-enforcingなはずの制度がどうして変化するのかという一見矛盾にも思える問題に取り組んでいる。七章八章ではその例として、ジェノヴァとハンザ同盟が取り上げられる。ちなみに制度補完性に関しては日本人の貢献（OF先生とか☆）も大きいようだ。

また九章では文化がどのように認識に関わるかが述べられる。

十章ではImpersonal Exchangeがどうして起きるか分析し、十一章ではinductiveな分析の限界と特定の文脈にしっかり根ざしている必要性が強調される。

文脈を無視した理論的考察に関しては著者は手厳しい。師のNorthらの研究にしても、現実との関連を無視した机上の空論であるとバッサリ斬ってしまう。「〜という仮定をおいているがそれは史料から確認できない」と。

少し気になったのは、理論の証拠として持ちだすのが統計データではなく契約文書だったり商品だったりした点。歴史家の方法に慣れていないだけかもしれないのだけど。
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