Preface.
Acknowledgments.
About the Authors.
About the Cover.
1. Leave No Trace.
Understanding Attackers’ Motives.
What Is a Rootkit?
Why Do Rootkits Exist?
How Long Have Rootkits Been Around?
How Do Rootkits Work?
What a Rootkit Is Not.
Rootkits and Software Exploits.
Offensive Rootkit Technologies.
Conclusion.
2. Subverting the Kernel.
Important Kernel Components.
Rootkit Design.
Introducing Code into the Kernel.
Building the Windows Device Driver.
Loading and Unloading the Driver.
Logging the Debug Statements.
Fusion Rootkits: Bridging User and Kernel Modes.
Loading the Rootkit.
Decompressing the .sys File from a Resource.
Surviving Reboot.
Conclusion.
3. The Hardware Connection.
Ring Zero.
Tables, Tables, and More Tables.
Memory Pages.
The Memory Descriptor Tables.
The Interrupt Descriptor Table.
The System Service Dispatch Table.
The Control Registers.
Multiprocessor Systems.
Conclusion.
4. The Age-Old Art of Hooking.
Userland Hooks.
Kernel Hooks.
A Hybrid Hooking Approach.
Conclusion.
5. Runtime Patching.
Detour Patching.
Jump Templates.
Variations on the Method.
Conclusion.
6. Layered Drivers.
A Keyboard Sniffer.
The KLOG Rootkit: A Walk-through.
File Filter Drivers.
Conclusion.
7. Direct Kernel Object Manipulation.
DKOM Benefits and Drawbacks.
Determining the Version of the Operating System.
Communicating with the Device Driver from Userland.
Hiding with DKOM.
Token Privilege and Group Elevation with DKOM.
Conclusion.
8. Hardware Manipulation.
Why Hardware?
Modifying the Firmware.
Accessing the Hardware.
Example: Accessing the Keyboard Controller.
How Low Can You Go? Microcode Update.
Conclusion.
9. Covert Channels.
Remote Command, Control, and Exfiltration of Data.
Disguised TCP/IP Protocols.
Kernel TCP/IP Support for Your Rootkit Using TDI.
Raw Network Manipulation.
Kernel TCP/IP Support for Your Rootkit Using NDIS.
Host Emulation.
Conclusion.
10. Rootkit Detection.
Detecting Presence.
Detecting Behavior.
Conclusion.
Index.
