In an attempt to go against the grain of Western public opinion, Peerenboom's work often sounds like a nuanced apologia for the shortcomings of the Chinese government (party and state) than of a detached intellectual view. Much of the premise of this book seems to be that human rights are contingent on the level of economic development and social stability in a country. While this may seem reasonable on the surface, some of Peerenbloom's claims are Panglossian. The author's remarks on the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) could have been published by the Information Office of the Chinese Communist Party. He severely understates the level of oppression in Tibet in particular and views cultural destruction as something of a non-issue.
I gave this book three stars because it does bring up some valid arguments about the importance of considering the economic and sociocultural context of a country when looking at such things like human rights. Peerenboom is right to highlight some of the areas where China has made progress and to marshal evidence against reflexive China-bashers. However, in some areas his conclusions are questionable and biased in favor of presenting China in a positive light.