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What have the invention of the wheel, Pompeii, the Wall Street Crash, Harry Potter and the internet got in common? Why are all forecasters con-artists? What can Catherine the Great's lovers tell us about probability? Why should you never run for a train or read a newspaper? This book is all about Black Swans: the random events that underlie our lives, from bestsellers to world disasters. Their impact is huge; they're impossible to predict; yet after they happen we always try to rationalize them. A rallying cry to ignore the 'experts', The Black Swan shows us how to stop trying to predict everything - and take advantage of uncertainty.
Book Description
A black swan is a highly improbable event with three principal characteristics: It is unpredictable; it carries a massive impact; and, after the fact, we concoct an explanation that makes it appear less random, and more predictable, than it was. The astonishing success of Google was a black swan; so was 9/11. For Nassim Nicholas Taleb, black swans underlie almost everything about our world, from the rise of religions to events in our own personal lives.
Why do we not acknowledge the phenomenon of black swans until after they occur? Part of the answer, according to Taleb, is that humans are hardwired to learn specifics when they should be focused on generalities. We concentrate on things we already know and time and time again fail to take into consideration what we don't know. We are, therefore, unable to truly estimate opportunities, too vulnerable to the impulse to simplify, narrate, and categorize, and not open enough to rewarding those who can imagine the "impossible."
For years, Taleb has studied how we fool ourselves into thinking we know more than we actually do. We restrict our thinking to the irrelevant and inconsequential, while large events continue to surprise us and shape our world. Now, in this revelatory book, Taleb explains everything we know about what we don't know. He offers surprisingly simple tricks for dealing with black swans and benefiting from them.
Elegant, startling, and universal in its applications The Black Swan will change the way you look at the world. Taleb is a vastly entertaining writer, with wit, irreverence, and unusual stories to tell. He has a polymathic command of subjects ranging from cognitive science to business to probability theory. The Black Swan is a landmark book?itself a black swan.
--このテキストは、 ハードカバー 版に関連付けられています。
Why do we not acknowledge the phenomenon of black swans until after they occur? Part of the answer, according to Taleb, is that humans are hardwired to learn specifics when they should be focused on generalities. We concentrate on things we already know and time and time again fail to take into consideration what we don't know. We are, therefore, unable to truly estimate opportunities, too vulnerable to the impulse to simplify, narrate, and categorize, and not open enough to rewarding those who can imagine the "impossible."
For years, Taleb has studied how we fool ourselves into thinking we know more than we actually do. We restrict our thinking to the irrelevant and inconsequential, while large events continue to surprise us and shape our world. Now, in this revelatory book, Taleb explains everything we know about what we don't know. He offers surprisingly simple tricks for dealing with black swans and benefiting from them.
Elegant, startling, and universal in its applications The Black Swan will change the way you look at the world. Taleb is a vastly entertaining writer, with wit, irreverence, and unusual stories to tell. He has a polymathic command of subjects ranging from cognitive science to business to probability theory. The Black Swan is a landmark book?itself a black swan.
--このテキストは、 ハードカバー 版に関連付けられています。
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予期せぬ出来事(Black Swan)に関する、深く広範囲で刺激に満ちた考察,
By また、数学モデルの精緻化と標準的な統計学をベースとして「現実を説明できる理論」ではなく「首尾一貫した理論を構築するのに都合の良い諸前提(それが現実から乖離していようが関係ない)を設定し、出来上がった理論に則って現実を解釈しようとする、欺瞞に満ちた科学」としてのeconomics(特に新古典派)やfinance理論を徹底した懐疑的経験主義(skeptical empiricism)によって反証している(但し、だからと言って統計学がまやかしだという理由にはならないと思うが...)。 更に、歴史の見方についても、同様のskeptical empiricismに根差しており、歴史に関する記述というのは、その一瞬一瞬を同時代で描いていく物ではなく、所詮は「発生した事実を、後から振り返って、ある文脈で解釈すること」であり、常に後講釈による歪みや曲解(retrospective distortion)を孕み、これがrandomな出来事が発生する確率を過少に評価することにも関係することを示唆している。これは卑近な例で言えば、過去の相場のグラフを「分析」してマーケットの動きに関する後講釈の説明はできても、そこから将来のrandomな出来事を予想できない、ということにも通じると思う。読みながら非常に考えさせられる本である。
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