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内容説明
Between 1949 and 1955, the State Department pushed for an international fisheries policy grounded in maximum sustainable yield (MSY). The concept is based on a confidence that scientists can predict, theoretically, the largest catch that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period. And while it was modified in 1996 with passage of the Sustained Fisheries Act, MSY is still at the heart of modern American fisheries management. As fish populations continue to crash, however, it is clear that MSY is itself not sustainable. Indeed, the concept has been widely criticized by scientists for ignoring several key factors in fisheries management and has led to the devastating collapse of many fisheries. Carmel Finley reveals that the fallibility of MSY lies at its very inception - as a tool of government rather than science. The foundational doctrine of the MSY emerged at a time when the US government was using science to promote and transfer Western knowledge and technology, and to ensure that American ships and planes would have free passage through the world's seas and skies. Finley charts the history of US fisheries science using MSY as her focus, and in particular its application to halibut, tuna, and salmon fisheries. Fish populations the world over are threatened, and "All the Fish in the Sea" will help sound warnings of the effect of any management policies divested from science itself.
著者について
Carmel Finley teaches in the Department of History at Oregon State University. She is coeditor of Two Paths toward Sustainable Forests: Public Values in Canada and the United States.
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Bad Science, Bad Policy...
2012/5/21
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Carmel Finley's 2011 "All the Fish in the Sea" is an exploration of the history behind the longstanding policy of the US and other governments of managing fisheries for maximum sustainable yield, a policy dating at least to the dawn of the Cold War and having as much to do with political policy as with the management of fish stocks.
Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is the theory that fish stocks can be exploited for large catches, year in and year out, on a scientific basis and without major damage to fish populations. As Finley demonstrates, the theory is plausible on its face, but in the 1940s and 1950's, in a world anxious for fish protein, the science simply did not exist to identify in a timely fashion the tipping point at which stocks would decline. A more conservative approach, advocated by a few scientists at the time, can be seen in retrospect as a better fishing policy. However, MSY won out because it better suited the diplomatic, military and economic goals of its advocates, the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and even the Soviet Union, by ensuring exansive access to the high seas.
Finley has done her research and carries her point, although portions of the text are repetitive and awkwardly edited and although she declines to give much credit to decision makers faced with the real and pressing demands of the Cold War. "All the Fish in the Sea" is highly recommended to students of the conservation of marine resources as a valuable lesson.
Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is the theory that fish stocks can be exploited for large catches, year in and year out, on a scientific basis and without major damage to fish populations. As Finley demonstrates, the theory is plausible on its face, but in the 1940s and 1950's, in a world anxious for fish protein, the science simply did not exist to identify in a timely fashion the tipping point at which stocks would decline. A more conservative approach, advocated by a few scientists at the time, can be seen in retrospect as a better fishing policy. However, MSY won out because it better suited the diplomatic, military and economic goals of its advocates, the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and even the Soviet Union, by ensuring exansive access to the high seas.
Finley has done her research and carries her point, although portions of the text are repetitive and awkwardly edited and although she declines to give much credit to decision makers faced with the real and pressing demands of the Cold War. "All the Fish in the Sea" is highly recommended to students of the conservation of marine resources as a valuable lesson.
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