Amazon.co.jp
なぜ、日本企業は成功したのだろうか。本書はそんな疑問に明確な答えを与えている。端的に言えば、「組織的知識創造」の技能・技術によって日本企業は国際社会のなかで成功してきたと指摘しているのだ。では、「組織的知識創造」とは何か。それは、新しい知識を作り出し、それを組織全体に広め、製品やサービス、あるいは業務システムに具体化する組織全体の能力のことであり、その根本における重要な要素は、組織の最も普遍的な要素である「人間知」というわけである。「人間知」はギリシャ古代以来、常に認識論(知識論)の中心となる課題であった。ここ数年、社会経済学者のピーター・ドラッカーやアルビン・トフラーが、経営資源やパワーとしての知識の重要性を訴えているが、本書では、「人間知」を2種類に分けている。1つは「形式知」と呼ばれるもので、文法にのっとった文章や数字的表現、技術仕様、マニュアルなどに見られる形式言語によって表現されるものである。もう1つは、これが組織的知識想像のなかで最も重要なファクターなのだが、「暗黙知」と言われる形式言語では表現できない知識である。これは、人間の集団行動にとってきわめて重要な要素であると著者は指摘する。暗黙知とは、人間ひとりひとりの体験に基づく個人的な知識であり、信念、ものの見方、直観、価値システムといった無形の要素を含んだものである。
しかし、きわめて重要な要素であったにもかかわらず、経営資源のなかで暗黙知はこれまで無視されてきた。だが、この形式知と暗黙知が相互作用することこそが企業の知識創造のキーポイントであり、組織的知識創造とは、この2つの知の相互作用によるスパイラル・プロセスである。個人の知識と組織全体とは相互に作用しあうことが重要であり、そうすることによって新しいイノベーションの開発につながり、競争優位に立つことができる。それこそが短期間に日本企業が国際社会のなかで成功した要因なのである。
本書は、日本を代表する自動車や家電メーカーなどがなぜ国際社会のなかで成功したのかを「知識」という側面から分析し、企業組織における知識の捉え方や考え方を根本的に変更するよう求めている。そして、企業組織による知識創造こそが日本企業の国際競争力の最も重要な源泉であるとする本書は、長引く不況にあえぐ企業経営者やビジネスマンに、日本的経営の良さを改めて感じさせてくれるものである。(辻 秀雄)
出版社/著者からの内容紹介
内容(「BOOK」データベースより)
内容(「MARC」データベースより)
Book Description
The authors point out that there are two types of knowledge: explicit knowledge, contained in manuals and procedures, and tacit knowledge, learned only by experience, and communicated only indirectly, through metaphor and analogy. U.S. managers focus on explicit knowledge. The Japanese, on the other hand, focus on tacit knowledge. And this, the authors argue, is the key to their success--the Japanese have learned how to transform tacit into explicit knowledge.
To explain how this is done--and illuminate Japanese business practices as they do so--the authors range from Greek philosophy to Zen Buddhism, from classical economists to modern management gurus, illustrating the theory of organizational knowledge creation with case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, Nissan, 3M, GE, and even the U.S. Marines. For instance, using Matsushita's development of the Home Bakery (the world's first fully automated bread-baking machine for home use), they show how tacit knowledge can be converted to explicit knowledge: when the designers couldn't perfect the dough kneading mechanism, a software programmer apprenticed herself with the master baker at Osaka International Hotel, gained a tacit understanding of kneading, and then conveyed this information to the engineers. In addition, the authors show that, to create knowledge, the best management style is neither top-down nor bottom-up, but rather what they call "middle-up-down," in which the middle managers form a bridge between the ideals of top management and the chaotic realities of the frontline.
As we make the turn into the 21st century, a new society is emerging. Peter Drucker calls it the "knowledge society," one that is drastically different from the "industrial society," and one in which acquiring and applying knowledge will become key competitive factors. Nonaka and Takeuchi go a step further, arguing that creating knowledge will become the key to sustaining a competitive advantage in the future.
Because the competitive environment and customer preferences changes constantly, knowledge perishes quickly. With The Knowledge-Creating Company, managers have at their fingertips years of insight from Japanese firms that reveal how to create knowledge continuously, and how to exploit it to make successful new products, services, and systems.
--このテキストは、
ハードカバー
版に関連付けられています。
メディア掲載レビュー
"A fascinating, exciting exposure to a new way of thinking about the knowledge-based company....Provides a model of knowledge creation that will be a touchstone of future work in this field....This important, imaginative book will challenge and intrigue managers and management scholars alike."--D.
Eleanor Westney, MIT Sloan School of Management in the Sloan Management Review
"A fascinating volume that will interest philosophers, managers, and more common readers....The analyses are so thorough that they make the one- and two-page descriptions in Forbes magazine seem like elementary fairy stories. The authors have done their research well and provide delightful
details."--Minneapolis Star Tribune
"Knowledge creation is to the 90s what excellence was to the 80s. I can't imagine a better book on organizational design for innovation. Nor can I imagine a better common focus for managers and scholars. This is the best and most original blend of organizational theory and practice we are likely to
see for some time."--Karl E. Weick, University of Michigan School of Business Administration
"This is the most creative book on management to come out of Japan. The same authors who introduced the rugby approach to new product development, now bring us a myriad of new concepts: tacit knowledge, the oneness of mind and body, middle-up-down management, hypertext organization, to name a few.
The insights for this book originated in Japan, but the managerial implications are universal. It is a must read for managers competing in the borderless world."--Kenichi Ohmae, Ohmae & Associates
"Nonaka and Takeuchi take on asubject that is truly on the frontier of management: the process by which companies learn and create competitively valuable knowledge. What is refreshing about this book is that Nonaka and Takeuchi go beyond the slogans that have characterized much of the previous work
on this subject, and delve into the specific organization structures and processes involved in organizational creativity and learning. They bring a wealth of specific, in-depth company evidence to bear on the task. The result is an important book which will advance both the literature as well as
corporate practice."--Michael E. Porter, C. Roland Christensen Professor of Business Administration, Harvard University
--このテキストは、 ペーパーバック 版に関連付けられています。